Variation in the relationship between odd isotopes of tin in mass-independent fractionation induced by the magnetic isotope effect.

Experimental results are presented showing the variation in the relationship between odd isotopes of tin (Sn) in mass-independent fractionation caused by the magnetic isotope effect (MIE), which has previously only been observed for mercury. These results are consistent with the trend predicted from the difference between the magnitudes of nuclear magnetic moments of odd isotopes with a nuclear spin. However, the correlation between odd isotopes in fractionation induced by the MIE for the reaction system used in this study (solvent extraction using a crown ether) was different from that reported for the photochemical reaction of methyltin. This difference between the two reaction systems is consistent with a theoretical prediction that the correlation between odd isotopes in fractionation induced by the MIE is controlled by the relationship between the spin conversion time and radical lifetime. The characteristic changes in the correlation between odd isotopes in fractionation induced by the MIE observed for Sn in this study provide a guideline for quantitatively determining fractionation patterns caused by the MIE for elements that have multiple isotopes with a nuclear spin. These results improve our understanding of the potential impact of the MIE on mass-independent fractionation observed in natural samples, such as meteorites, and analytical artifacts of high-precision isotope analysis for heavy elements.

Association between stopping renin-angiotensin system inhibitors immediately before hemodialysis initiation and subsequent cardiovascular events.

It is controversial whether renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) should be stopped in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, it was reported that stopping RASIs in advanced CKD was associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events; however, it remains unclear whether stopping RASIs before dialysis initiation affects clinical outcomes after dialysis, which this study aimed to evaluate. In this multicenter prospective cohort study in Japan, we included 717 patients (mean age, 67 years; 68% male) who had a nephrology care duration ≥90 days, initiated hemodialysis, and used RASIs 3 months before hemodialysis initiation. The multivariable adjusted Cox models were used to compare mortality and CV event risk between 650 (91%) patients who continued RASIs until hemodialysis initiation and 67 (9.3%) patients who stopped RASIs. During a median follow-up period of 3.5 years, 170 (24%) patients died and 228 (32%) experienced CV events. Compared with continuing RASIs, stopping RASIs was unassociated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-1.34) but was associated with higher CV events (aHR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.06-2.38). Subgroup analyses showed that the risk of stopping RASIs for CV events was particularly high in patients aged <75 years, with a significant interaction between stopping RASIs and age. This study revealed that patients who stopped RASIs immediately before dialysis initiation were associated with subsequent higher CV events. Active screening for CV disease may be especially beneficial for these patients.

Cognitive Fitness: Harnessing the Strength of Exerkines for Aging and Metabolic Challenges.

Addressing cognitive impairment (CI) represents a significant global challenge in health and social care. Evidence suggests that aging and metabolic disorders increase the risk of CI, yet promisingly, physical exercise has been identified as a potential ameliorative factor. Specifically, there is a growing understanding that exercise-induced cognitive improvement may be mediated by molecules known as exerkines. This review delves into the potential impact of aging and metabolic disorders on CI, elucidating the mechanisms through which various exerkines may bolster cognitive function in this context. Additionally, the discussion extends to the role of exerkines in facilitating stem cell mobilization, offering a potential avenue for improving cognitive impairment.

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Sulforaphane in Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Prospective Nutraceutical.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a promising molecule for developing phytopharmaceuticals due to its potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. A plethora of research conducted in vivo and in vitro reported the beneficial effects of SFN intervention and the underlying cellular mechanisms. Since SFN is a newly identified nutraceutical in sports nutrition, only some human studies have been conducted to reflect the effects of SFN intervention in exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly discussed the effects of SFN on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. We discussed human and animal studies that are related to exercise intervention and mentioned the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms. Since SFN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent, we mentioned briefly its synergistic attributes with other potential nutraceuticals that are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Given its health-promoting effects, SFN could be a prospective nutraceutical at the forefront of sports nutrition.

Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes.

Athletes often take sport supplements to reduce fatigue and immune disturbances during or after training. This study evaluated the acute effects of concurrent ingestion of alkaline water and L-glutamine on the salivary immunity and hormone responses of boxers after training. Twelve male boxing athletes were recruited in this study. During regular training, the participants were randomly divided into three groups and asked to consume 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A), 0.15 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine with 400 mL of water (Group G), and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine with 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A+G) at the same time each day for three consecutive weeks. Before and immediately after the training, saliva, heart rates, and the rate of perceived exertion were investigated. The activity of α-amylase and concentrations of lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), testosterone, and cortisol in saliva were measured. The results showed that the ratio of α-amylase activity/total protein (TP) significantly increased after training in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the ratios of lactoferrin/TP and IgA/TP were unaffected in all three groups. The concentrations of salivary testosterone after training increased significantly in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the salivary cortisol concentrations were unaltered in all groups. In conclusion, concurrent ingestion of 400 mL of alkaline water and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine before training enhanced the salivary α-amylase activity and testosterone concentration of boxers, which would be beneficial for post-exercise recovery.

Dietary Insulin Index (DII) and Dietary Insulin load (DIL) and Caveolin gene variant interaction on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that Caveolin gene polymorphisms (CAV-1) are involved in chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) have been shown to potentially elicit favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of DII DIL and CAV-1 interaction on CVD risk factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of 333 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years. Dietary intakes, DII, and DIL were evaluated using the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum profiles were measured by standard protocols. The CAV-1 rs 3,807,992 and anthropometric data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), respectively. Participants were also divided into three groups based on DII, DIL score, and rs3807992 genotype. RESULTS: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 women classified as overweight or obese. Participants with A allele for the caveolin genotype and higher DII score showed significant interactions with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P for AA = 0.006 and P for AG = 0.019) and CRI-I (P for AA < 0.001 and P for AG = 0.024). In participants with AA genotype and greater DII score, interactions were observed in weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, CRI-II, fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (P < 0.079). Those with higher DIL scores and AA genotype had higher weight (P = 0.033), FFM (P = 0.022), and SMM (P = 0.024). In addition, DIL interactions for waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), CRI-I, and body fat mass (BFM) among individuals with AA genotype, while an HDL interaction was observed in individuals with AG and AA (P < 0.066). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study indicate that people who carry the caveolin rs3807992 (A) allele and have greater DII and DIL scores are at higher risk for several cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome biomarkers. These results highlight that diet, gene variants, and their interaction, should be considered in the risk evaluation of developing CVD.

Supplementation of L-glutamine enhanced mucosal immunity and improved hormonal status of combat-sport athletes.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining proper immune function and hormone status is important for athletes to avoid upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and insufficient recovery, which is detrimental to sport performance and health. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether three-week supplementation of L-glutamine could benefit the mucosal immunity and hormonal status of combat-sport athletes as well as their rates of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and subjective feelings of well-being after intensive training. METHODS: Twenty-one combat-sport athletes from the National Taiwan University of Sport were recruited in this study. After intensive training, two groups of the participants were asked to consume powder form of 0.3 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine (GLU group) or maltodextrin (PLA group) with drinking water in a randomized design at the same time every day during 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA), nitric oxide (NO), testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) before and after three-week supplementation; moreover, Hooper's index questionnaires were completed for wellness assessment. The incidence and duration of URTI were recorded by using a health checklist throughout the entire study period. RESULTS: Supplementation of L-glutamine significantly enhanced the concentrations of IgA and NO in saliva; additionally, the incidence of URTI was significantly reduced. Regarding hormones, T concentration was significantly decreased in the PLA group, whereas C concentration was significantly increased, resulting in a significant decrease of T/C ratio. In contrast, the GLU group showed a significant increase of T/C ratio, while the mood scores of the Hooper's index questionnaire were higher in the PLA group. CONCLUSIONS: Three-week supplementation of L-glutamine after intensive training enhanced the mucosal immunity, improved hormonal status and reduced the rate of URTI of combat-sport athletes while feelings of well-being were also enhanced. Therefore, L-glutamine would be beneficial for the sports performance and recovery of athletes.

Neutrophil depletion attenuates acute renal injury after exhaustive exercise in mice.

Prolonged intense exercise induces acute renal injury; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of neutrophil depletion in male C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: sedentary with control antibody; sedentary with antineutrophil antibody; exhaustive exercise with control antibody; and exhaustive exercise with antineutrophil antibody. Antineutrophil (1A8) or control antibody was administered i.p. to the mice before they ran on a treadmill. Plasma levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Renal histology was assessed 24 h after exhaustive exercise, and the concentration of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase activity and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the kidney were measured. Immediately after exhaustive exercise, plasma BUN was significantly increased, but creatinine was not. The increase in BUN after exercise was suppressed by 1A8 treatment. The pathological changes manifested as congested and swollen glomeruli and nuclear infiltration after exhaustive exercise. These changes were suppressed by treatment with the 1A8 antibodies. The KIM-1 concentration increased after exhaustive exercise but was reduced by the 1A8 antibodies. Treatment with the 1A8 antibody also decreased exhaustive exercise-induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species levels in the kidney. These results suggest that neutrophils contribute to exercise-induced acute renal injury by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle-related factors with DNA methylation-based ageing clocks in older men: WASEDA'S Health Study.

DNA methylation-based age estimators (DNAm ageing clocks) are currently one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting biological age. However, the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured directly by expiratory gas analysis, and DNAm ageing clocks are largely unknown. We investigated the relationships between CRF and the age-adjusted value from the residuals of the regression of DNAm ageing clock to chronological age (DNAmAgeAcceleration: DNAmAgeAccel) and attempted to determine the relative contribution of CRF to DNAmAgeAccel in the presence of other lifestyle factors. DNA samples from 144 Japanese men aged 65-72 years were used to appraise first- (i.e., DNAmHorvath and DNAmHannum) and second- (i.e., DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and DNAmFitAge) generation DNAm ageing clocks. Various surveys and measurements were conducted, including physical fitness, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, nutrient intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, disease status, sleep status, and chronotype. Both oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold (VO2 /kg at VT) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 /kg at Peak) showed a significant negative correlation with GrimAgeAccel, even after adjustments for chronological age and smoking and drinking status. Notably, VO2 /kg at VT and VO2 /kg at Peak above the reference value were also associated with delayed GrimAgeAccel. Multiple regression analysis showed that calf circumference, serum triglyceride, carbohydrate intake, and smoking status, rather than CRF, contributed more to GrimAgeAccel and FitAgeAccel. In conclusion, although the contribution of CRF to GrimAgeAccel and FitAgeAccel is relatively low compared to lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, the results suggest that the maintenance of CRF is associated with delayed biological ageing in older men.

Fine-grained interplanetary dust input during the Turonian (Late Cretaceous): evidence from osmium isotope and platinum group elements.

The Turonian age (~ 90-94 Ma) was the hottest geological interval in the Cretaceous and also marked by the K3 event, a pronounced enrichment of 3He in pelagic sediments (i.e., massive input of extraterrestrial materials). Here, we present Os isotopic (187Os/188Os) and platinum group element (PGE) data from Turonian sedimentary records. After a sharp unradiogenic shift during the end-Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event 2, the 187Os/188Os ratios declined continuously throughout the Turonian, which could be ascribed to the formations of several large igneous provinces (LIPs). Because the interval with the most unradiogenic 187Os/188Os ratios (i.e., enhanced LIP volcanism) does not correspond to the warmest interval during the mid-Cretaceous, additional sources of CO2, such as subduction zone volcanism or the kimberlite formation, may explain the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum. As Os isotope ratios do not show any sharp unradiogenic shifts and PGE concentrations do not exhibit a pronounced enrichment, an influx of fine-grained cosmic dust to the Earth's surface, possibly from the long-period comet showers, can be inferred at the time of the 3He enrichment during the mid-Turonian K3 event. Our findings highlight the different behaviors of 3He and PGE information in the sedimentary rocks during the input of fined-grained extraterrestrial materials.

Ellagic acid effects on disease severity, levels of cytokines and T-bet, RORγt, and GATA3 genes expression in multiple sclerosis patients: a multicentral-triple blind randomized clinical trial.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Ellagic acid is a natural polyphenol and affects the fate of neurons through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate ellagic acid effects on disease severity, the expression of involved genes in the pathogenesis of MS, and the levels of related cytokines. Methods: The present study was a triple-blind clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Ellagic acid (25 subjects) for 12 weeks, receiving 180 mg of Ellagic acid (Axenic, Australia) and the control group (25 subjects) receiving a placebo, before the main meals. Before and after the study, the data including general information, foods intake, physical activity, anthropometric data, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), general health questionnaire (GHQ) and pain rating index (PRI), fatigue severity scale (FSS) were assessed, as well as serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß), nitric-oxide (NO) using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method and expression of T-box transcription factor (Tbet), GATA Binding Protein 3 (GATA3), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were determined using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method. Findings: Ellagic acid supplementation led to a reduction in IFNγ, IL-17, NO and increased IL-4 in the ellagic acid group, however in the placebo group no such changes were observed (-24.52 ± 3.79 vs. -0.05 ± 0.02, p < 0.01; -5.37 ± 0.92 vs. 2.03 ± 1.03, p < 0.01; -18.03 ± 1.02 vs. -0.06 ± 0.05, p < 0.01, 14.69 ± 0.47 vs. -0.09 ± 0.14, p < 0.01, respectively). Ellagic acid supplementation had no effect on TGF-ß in any of the study groups (p > 0.05). Also, the Tbet and RORγt genes expression decreased, and the GATA3 gene expression in the group receiving ellagic acid compared to control group significantly increased (0.52 ± 0.29 vs. 1.51 ± 0.18, p < 0.01, 0.49 ± 0.18 vs. 1.38 ± 0.14, p < 0.01, 1.71 ± 0.39 vs. 0.27 ± 0.10, p < 0.01). Also, ellagic acid supplementation led to significant decrease in EDSS, FSS and GHQ scores (p < 0.05), and no significant changes observed in PRI score (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Ellagic acid supplementation can improve the health status of MS patients by reduction of the inflammatory cytokines and Tbet and RORγt gene expression, and increment of anti-inflammatory cytokines and GATA3 gene expression.Clinical trial registration: (https://en.irct.ir/trial/53020), IRCT20120415009472N22.

Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players.

BACKGROUND: Beetroot juice (BRJ) contains various bioactive compounds suggested to be effective in improving athlete recovery. However, the number of studies evaluating the effects of BRJ on recovery and muscle soreness (MS) indicators in female athletes is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of BRJ consumption on the performance recovery indicators and MS after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in female volleyball players. METHODS: Twelve young female volleyball players were evaluated in this study. We utilized a randomized, cross-over, and double-blind design during two phases with a 30-day interval (wash-out). During each phase, EIMD was performed first, followed by BRJ or placebo (PLA) supplementation for two days (eight servings of 50 mL). Recovery monitoring of performance indicators and MS was performed after EIMD. The results of wall-sit, V sit and reach (VSFT), vertical jump height (VJH), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and thigh swelling (Sw-T) tests were recorded 48 h after EIMD. Also, the Perceived Muscle Soreness was recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS) 12 (MS-12 h), 24 (MS-24 h), and 48 (MS-48 h) hours after EIMD. RESULTS: The data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures of ANOVA at p < 0.05. Compared to PLA, BRJ supplementation improves wall-sit performance after EIMD (p < 0.05), while reducing Sw-T and perceived muscle soreness (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between PLA and BRJ in VJH and VSFT performance after EIMD (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the consumption of BRJ in female volleyball players can be useful for improving some recovery indicators, such as muscle endurance, perceived muscle soreness, and tissue edema, after EIMD.

The Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Function, and Physical Performance in Individuals with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Sarcopenia has become a significant obstacle to healthy aging in older adults. Flavonoids may contribute to treating sarcopenia, and attenuate the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, however, their benefits in sarcopenic individuals remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoids on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenia based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review was conducted in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The article search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar for the period until June 2023. RCTs that assessed the effects of flavonoids/flavonoids combined with other supplementation/flavonoid-rich supplementations on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults diagnosed with sarcopenia before intervention were included. From the 309 articles found, a total of 6 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. RCTs evaluated the main outcomes of tea catechins, epicatechin, and isoflavones intervention. Skeletal muscle mass significantly increased in three studies, muscle strength significantly elevated in two studies, and physical performance significantly improved in two studies. The majority of studies (five in six) found at least one of the main outcomes is elevated by flavonoids intervention. Flavonoids may have a great potential to treat sarcopenia.

Effects of Different Doses of Caffeine Supplementation on Collegiate Male Volleyball Players' Specific Performance and Skills: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.

BACKGROUND: The improvement of performance and skill indices of volleyball players can affect their success rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute caffeine supplementation of varied doses on collegiate volleyball players' specific performance and skills. METHOD: This research was a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study in which 15 male volleyball players aged 18 to 25 years participated voluntarily. Participants were randomly placed in three different conditions, including 3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C3), 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C6), and a placebo (PLA) with a one-week wash-out period between exercise trials. The supplement was taken 60 min before each exercise session. Ball throwing, hand movement speed, agility, Sargent's jump and handgrip, and attacking and serving skill tests were measured and analyzed to check the performance and skill of the volleyball players. RESULTS: This study showed a significant increase in agility test in C6 compared with the PLA condition (p = 0.02). Additionally, there was a significant improvement in Sargent's jump in C6 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C6 compared with the C3 condition (p = 0.00). Also, attacking skill significantly increased in C3 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C6 compared with the PLA condition (p = 0.00). In addition, there was a significant increase in serving skill for C6 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C3 (p = 0.00). However, there were no significant differences in hand movement speed (p = 0.06), left handgrip (p = 0.85), right handgrip (p = 0.47), or medicine ball throwing (p = 0.22) between the three conditions. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggested that a higher dose of caffeine compared with a lower dose may be more effective in movements requiring lower-body explosive power and the ability to change direction. Also, according to the findings, it seems that caffeine can lead to the improvement of complex skills, such as serving and attacking in volleyball.

microRNAs slow translating ribosomes to prevent protein misfolding in eukaryotes.

Slower translation rates reduce protein misfolding. Such reductions in speed can be mediated by the presence of non-optimal codons, which allow time for proper folding to occur. Although this phenomenon is conserved from bacteria to humans, it is not known whether there are additional eukaryote-specific mechanisms which act in the same way. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), not present in prokaryotes, target both coding sequences (CDS) and 3' untranslated regions (UTR). Given their low suppressive efficiency, it has been unclear why miRNAs are equally likely to bind to a CDS. Here, we show that miRNAs transiently stall translating ribosomes, preventing protein misfolding with little negative effect on protein abundance. We first analyzed ribosome profiles and miRNA binding sites to examine whether miRNAs stall ribosomes. Furthermore, either global or specific miRNA deficiency accelerated ribosomes and induced aggregation of a misfolding-prone polypeptide reporter. These defects were rescued by slowing ribosomes using non-cleaving shRNAs as miRNA mimics. We finally show that proinsulin misfolding, associated with type II diabetes, was resolved by non-cleaving shRNAs. Our findings provide a eukaryote-specific mechanism of co-translational protein folding and a previously unknown mechanism of action to target protein misfolding diseases.

Acute social jetlag augments morning blood pressure surge: a randomized crossover trial.

Although social jetlag (SJL) is generally considered a chronic condition, even acute SJL may have unfavorable effects on the cardiovascular system. We focused on the acute effects of SJL on morning blood pressure (BP) surge. This randomized crossover trial recruited 20 healthy men. In the SJL trial, participants delayed their bedtime by three hours on Friday and Saturday nights. Participants in the control (CON) trial implemented the same sleep-wake timing as on weekdays. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were performed to evaluate resting cardiovascular variables on Friday and Monday mornings, respectively. The ambulatory BP was automatically measured during the sleep and awake periods for 2 h after the participant woke up at night before pre- and post-intervention measurements. SJL (average mid-sleep time on weekends - average mid-sleep time on weekdays) occurred only in the SJL trial (SJL: 181 ± 24 min vs. CON: 8 ± 47 min). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and morning BP surge on Monday in the SJL trial were significantly higher than those on Friday in the SJL trial (cfPWV: P = 0.001, morning BP surge: P < 0.001), and those on Monday in the CON trial (cfPWV: P = 0.007; morning BP surge: P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between ΔcfPWV and Δmorning BP surge (R = 0.587, P = 0.004). These results suggest that even acute SJL augments morning BP surge. This phenomenon may correspond to increased central arterial stiffness.State the details of Clinical Trials: Name: Effect of acute social jetlag on risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases. URL: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053204 . Unique identifier: UMIN000046639. Registration date: 17/01/2022.

Sulforaphane Attenuates Neutrophil ROS Production, MPO Degranulation and Phagocytosis, but Does Not Affect NET Formation Ex Vivo and In Vitro.

Sulforaphane has several effects on the human body, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antimicrobial and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we examined the effect of sulforaphane on several neutrophil functions: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We also examined the direct antioxidant effect of sulforaphane. First, we measured neutrophil ROS production induced by zymosan in whole blood in the presence of 0 to 560 µM sulforaphane. Second, we examined the direct antioxidant activity of sulforaphane using a HOCl removal test. In addition, inflammation-related proteins, including an azurophilic granule component, were measured by collecting supernatants following ROS measurements. Finally, neutrophils were isolated from blood, and phagocytosis and NET formation were measured. Sulforaphane reduced neutrophil ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. The ability of sulforaphane to remove HOCl is stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Sulforaphane at 280 µM significantly reduced the release of myeloperoxidase from azurophilic granules, as well as that of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Sulforaphane also suppressed phagocytosis but did not affect NET formation. These results suggest that sulforaphane attenuates neutrophil ROS production, degranulation, and phagocytosis, but does not affect NET formation. Moreover, sulforaphane directly removes ROS, including HOCl.

DNA methylation clock DNAmFitAge shows regular exercise is associated with slower aging and systemic adaptation.

DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and the newly developed DNAmFitAge are DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers that reflect the individual aging process. Here, we examine the relationship between physical fitness and DNAm-based biomarkers in adults aged 33-88 with a wide range of physical fitness (including athletes with long-term training history). Higher levels of VO2max (ρ = 0.2, p = 6.4E - 4, r = 0.19, p = 1.2E - 3), Jumpmax (p = 0.11, p = 5.5E - 2, r = 0.13, p = 2.8E - 2), Gripmax (ρ = 0.17, p = 3.5E - 3, r = 0.16, p = 5.6E - 3), and HDL levels (ρ = 0.18, p = 1.95E - 3, r = 0.19, p = 1.1E - 3) are associated with better verbal short-term memory. In addition, verbal short-term memory is associated with decelerated aging assessed with the new DNAm biomarker FitAgeAcceleration (ρ: - 0.18, p = 0.0017). DNAmFitAge can distinguish high-fitness individuals from low/medium-fitness individuals better than existing DNAm biomarkers and estimates a younger biological age in the high-fit males and females (1.5 and 2.0 years younger, respectively). Our research shows that regular physical exercise contributes to observable physiological and methylation differences which are beneficial to the aging process. DNAmFitAge has now emerged as a new biological marker of quality of life.

Electrical pulse stimulation-induced muscle contraction alters the microRNA and mRNA profiles of circulating extracellular vesicles in mice.

Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are secreted by skeletal muscle tissues and may play a role in physiological adaptations induced by exercise. Endurance exercise changes the microRNA (miRNA) profile of circulating extracellular vesicles; however, the effects of resistance exercise are unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of resistance exercise as electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)-induced muscle contraction on the miRNA and mRNA profiles of circulating extracellular vesicles in mice using a comprehensive RNA sequencing-based approach. EPS-induced muscle contraction resulted in changes in the miRNA profile of circulating extracellular vesicles. In particular, 90 min after EPS-induced muscle contraction, a considerable increase in expression of muscle-specific microRNAs, such as miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206, was observed. Furthermore, we found that the expression of 208 mRNAs was considerably altered immediately after EPS-induced muscle contraction and that of 267 mRNAs changed considerably after 90 min. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that mRNA expression changes in circulating extracellular vesicles after EPS-induced muscle contraction promoted angiogenesis and regulated the immune response. Changes in the properties of circulating extracellular vesicles owing to muscle contraction may play an important role in resistance exercise-induced physiological adaptations.